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Copyright 2006 by the

Psychology in Spain, 2006, Vol. 10. No 1, 66-74

Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos


headerTEACHER BURNOUT: ATTRIBUTIONAL ASPECTS.gif (5528 bytes)
bodyMª. Antonia Manassero*, Esther García Buades*, Gema Torrens*, Carmen Ramis*, Ángel Vázquez** and Victoria A. Ferrer*.gif (2783 bytes)
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The theory of attribution establishes that the attributive dimensions of the perceived causes of a situation or event determine people’s type of behaviour in relation to it. The perceived causes of burnout can modulate coping behaviour towards it. This paper analyzes the relationships between the dimensions of burnout and causal attribution in a sample of 614 teachers from nursery to secondary level at schools in the Balearic Islands. The Scale of Causal Attribution Dimensions was applied. This scale assesses Locus of Causality, Stability, Controllability, Globality and Intentionality of the perceived cause of stress. Burnout was measured with our own version of the MBI for teachers (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). The results obtained indicate that the dimensions of burnout present a moderate relationship with the causal dimensions, so that greater Emotional Exhaustion corresponds to perceptions of more causes that are more global and intentional, and less controllable; greater Depersonalization was found to correspond to perceptions of more internal, stable, intentional and global causes; and finally, greater Personal Accomplishment corresponded to perceptions of causes that were less stable (unstable), less global (specific) and more controllable. The consequences and intervention strategies that the theoretical framework of attribution can contribute are analyzed.

Key words: Burnout, causal attribution, causal dimensions, teachers.

La teoría de la atribución establece que las dimensiones atributivas de las causas percibidas de un hecho determinan el tipo de conducta de las personas sobre el mismo. Las causas percibidas del burnout pueden modular la conducta de afrontamiento del mismo. Se analizan las relaciones entre las dimensiones del burnout y la atribución causal en una muestra de 614 profesores de preescolar a secundaria/bachillerato de las Islas Baleares. Se aplicó la Escala de Dimensiones Causales Atributivas, que evalúa Lugar de Causalidad, Estabilidad, Controlabilidad, Globalidad e Intencionalidad de la causa percibida del estrés. El burnout se midió con una versión propia del MBI para profesores (Maslach y Jackson, 1986). Los resultados obtenidos indican que las dimensiones de burnout presentan una relación moderada con las dimensiones causales, de modo que a mayor Agotamiento Emocional se corresponde con percepciones de causas más estables, globales, intencionales y menos controlables; a mayor Despersonalización nos encontramos con percepciones de causas más internas, estables, intencionales y globales; mientras que mayor Realización Personal se corresponde con percepciones de causas menos estables (inestables), menos globales (específicas) y más controlables. Se analizan las consecuencias y las estrategias de intervención que puede aportar el marco teórico de la atribución.

Palabras clave: Burnout, Atribución causal, Dimensiones atributivas, Profesores.


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The original Spanish version of this paper has been previously published in Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 2005, Vol. 21, No 1 and 2, 89-105
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Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mª Antonia Manassero, Departamento de Psicología., Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Spain. E-mail:ma.manassero@uib.es

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